JSP - 发送电子邮件( Sending Email)
在本章中,我们将讨论如何使用JSP发送电子邮件。 要使用JSP发送电子邮件,您应该在计算机上安装JavaMail API和Java Activation Framework (JAF) 。
您可以从Java的标准网站下载最新版本的JavaMail (Version 1.2) 。
您可以从Java的标准网站下载最新版本的JavaBeans Activation Framework JAF (Version 1.0.2) 。
在新创建的顶级目录中下载并解压缩这些文件。 您将找到两个应用程序的jar文件。 您需要在CLASSPATH中添加mail.jar和activation.jar文件。
发送简单电子邮件
以下是从您的计算机发送简单电子邮件的示例。 假设您的localhost已连接到Internet,并且它足以发送电子邮件。 确保CLASSPATH中的Java Email API包和JAF包中的所有jar文件都可用。
<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
String result;
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties object
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Now set the actual message
message.setText("This is actual message");
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
result = "Sent message successfully....";
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
result = "Error: unable to send message....";
}
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align = "center">
<%
out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>
现在让我们将上面的代码放在SendEmail.jsp文件中,并使用URL http://localhost:8080/SendEmail.jsp调用此JSP。 这将有助于向给定的电子邮件ID abcd@gmail.com发送电子邮件。 您将收到以下回复 -
<h1 align="center">Send Email using JSP</h1>
<p align="center">Result: Sent message successfully....</p>
如果要向多个收件人发送电子邮件,请使用以下方法指定多个电子邮件ID -
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses)
throws MessagingException
以下是参数的说明 -
type - 将设置为TO,CC或BCC。 这里CC表示碳复制,BCC表示黑碳复制。 示例Message.RecipientType.TO
addresses - 这是电子邮件ID的数组。 在指定电子邮件ID时,您需要使用InternetAddress()方法
发送HTML电子邮件
以下是从您的计算机发送HTML电子邮件的示例。 假设您的localhost已连接到Internet,并且它足以发送电子邮件。 确保CLASSPATH中的Java Email API package和JAF package中的所有jar文件都可用。
此示例与前一个示例非常相似,不同之处在于我们使用setContent()方法设置第二个参数为"text/html"的内容,以指定HTML内容包含在消息中。
使用此示例,您可以根据需要发送大量HTML内容。
<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
String result;
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties object
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like
message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html" );
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
result = "Sent message successfully....";
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
result = "Error: unable to send message....";
}
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send HTML Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align = "center">
<%
out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");
%>
</p>
</body>
</html>
现在让我们使用上面的JSP在给定的电子邮件ID上发送HTML消息。
在电子邮件中发送附件
以下是从您的计算机发送带附件的电子邮件的示例 -
<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*,javax.mail.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.mail.internet.*,javax.activation.*"%>
<%@ page import = "javax.servlet.http.*,javax.servlet.*" %>
<%
String result;
// Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned.
String to = "abcd@gmail.com";
// Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned
String from = "mcmohd@gmail.com";
// Assuming you are sending email from localhost
String host = "localhost";
// Get system properties object
Properties properties = System.getProperties();
// Setup mail server
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host);
// Get the default Session object.
Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties);
try {
// Create a default MimeMessage object.
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
// Set From: header field of the header.
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
// Set To: header field of the header.
message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));
// Set Subject: header field
message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!");
// Create the message part
BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// Fill the message
messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
// Create a multipart message
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// Set text message part
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Part two is attachment
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
// Send the complete message parts
message.setContent(multipart );
// Send message
Transport.send(message);
String title = "Send Email";
result = "Sent message successfully....";
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace();
result = "Error: unable to send message....";
}
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Send Attachment Email using JSP</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Send Attachment Email using JSP</h1>
</center>
<p align = "center">
<%out.println("Result: " + result + "\n");%>
</p>
</body>
</html>
现在让我们运行上面的JSP,将文件作为附件发送,并在给定的电子邮件ID上发送消息。
用户认证部分
如果需要向电子邮件服务器提供用户ID和密码以进行身份验证,则可以按如下方式设置这些属性 -
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser");
props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
其余的电子邮件发送机制将保持如上所述。
使用表单发送电子邮件
您可以使用HTML表单接受电子邮件参数,然后您可以使用request对象获取以下所有信息 -
String to = request.getParameter("to");
String from = request.getParameter("from");
String subject = request.getParameter("subject");
String messageText = request.getParameter("body");
获得所有信息后,您可以使用上述程序发送电子邮件。